http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/60 2026-06-22T15:30:37Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8683 ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF Escherichia coli O157: H7 FROM GOAT MEAT, SELECTED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES IN MAYA CITY, EASTERN ETHIOPIA Dursitu Teha Hassen; Prof. Adem Hiko; Dr. Amare Eshetu. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a cause of food-borne disease and global public health issues especially in developing countries. In Ethiopians most people prefer to eat raw or undercooked meat and fresh vegetables and fruits. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2024 to February 2025 to study the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7, evaluate its antimicrobial resistance, and assess hygienic practices in goat meat, selected fruits and vegetables at Maya city, Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 224 samples were collected, isolated, and confirmed using selective enrichment media, biochemical tests, and latex agglutination tests. The overall occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was estimated to be 34(15.18%) and from total positive result, 12/34 (35.3%) of was found in goat meat swabs from butcher shop, 3/34 (8.8%) in tomato, 3/34 (8.8%) in cabbage, 5/34 (14.7%) in carrot, 6/34 (17.7%) in lettuce, 3/34 (8.8%) in banana and 2/34 (5.9%) in orange samples from open market. Hygiene and sanitation data were collected using questionnaire and observational checklist. The antimicrobial susceptibility study of 7 E. coli O157:H7 isolates using 8 commercially available antimicrobial discs revealed that all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, clindamycin and penicillin antimicrobial disks and 6(85.7%) isolates were resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin. Also, 5(71.4%) isolates was resistant to erythromycin. However, 6(85.7%), 4(57.1%) and 1(14.3%) isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacillin, kanamycin and vancomycin antimicrobial disks respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of drug-resistant E. coli O157:H7 in goat meat, selected fruits and vegetables at Maya city. Results also showed multiple antimicrobial resistant profiles of E. coli O157:H7 isolates, poor personal hygiene practices among meat, fruit and vegetables handlers, and general hygiene measures in place. The current study needs for implementation of E. coli O157:H7 prevention and control strategies from butcher shops and open market. 78p. 2025-04-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8573 HYGIENIC PRACTICES IN MILK HANDLING AND PREVALENCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER IN RAW COW MILK SUPPLY CHAINS IN MAYA CITY, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA Ishetu Namomsa; Dr. Sisay Girma; Dr. Dinaol Belina Campylobacter is an intestinal bacterium of animals, especially poultry, cattle and other livestock. It is one of the most common bacterial causes of foodborne infection in humans worldwide, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food and water. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter in raw cow milk through its supply chain and to assess the contribution factors for contamination of raw cow milk in Maya City. A total of 127 raw cow milk samples with 60 milk contact associate environmental samples were collected from February 2024 to July 2024 through a cross-sectional type of study. Raw milk and environmental samples were collected and processed using enrichment, differential, and selective medium. Risk factors for Campylobacter occurrences were assessed using culture method laboratory diagnosis of milk and environmental samples and structured questionnaire surveys, followed by binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of Campylobacter in tested raw cow milk was 11.02% (95% CI: 0.95-9.68), and in environmental samples it was 8.3% (95% CI: 0.14- 1.71), resulting in an overall prevalence of 10.70%. The occurrence of Campylobacter in raw cow milk was significantly associated with poor cleanness of the house (AOR: 14.35, 95% CI: 1.25- 164.62), poor cow cleanliness (AOR: 5.7, 95% CI: 1.23-40.20), use of unclean containers (AOR: 6.63, 95% CI: 1.28-34.35. The current study indicated that there is a significant prevalence of Campylobacter in fresh farm milk from milk selling sites (17.7%) and udder milk (6.6%) from individual dairy cows. A questionnaire survey revealed limited awareness, with 95% of respondents lacking training in hygienic milk handling. The prevalence of Campylobacter in raw cow milk supplied to the community is slightly high in the Maya City East Hararghe zone, Ethiopia, when compared with other studies in the country. It is highly associated with hygiene practices in the milk supply value chain. Thus, strict hygiene measures, including cleaning and disinfection of milking areas, equipment, and containers, as well as efforts should be made to establish baseline data for Campylobacter prevalence in the study area to enable trend analysis and better epidemiological understanding. 77p. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8368 PREVALENCE, CYST VIABILITY, AND ORGAN DISTRIBUTION OF BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS, AND TAENIA SAGINATA IN HUMANS AT HARAMAYA AND HARAR MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN HARARGHE, ETHIOPIA Dereje Solomon; Dr. Shimelis Mengistu; Dr. Pawlos Wasihun Across-sectional study design was used from March 2023 to August 2024 at Harar and Haramaya to investigate the prevalence, cyst viability, and organ distribution of bovine cysticercosis in beef cattle, and a Retrospective study design was used to estimate the occurrence of Taeniosis in the human population in the study area. Simple random sampling where employed for the collection of data. The study was performed based on abattoir sample collection, Questionnaire survey and Retrospective data. Postmortem inspection of carcasses and organs of slaughtered cattle in Harar and Haramaya Municipal Abattoirs, cyst viability tests, and interviews with randomly selected meat consumers were undertaken. The post-mortem inspection showed that of the 324 cattle slaughtered for human consumption and examined for the presence of cysticerci of T. saginata, 7(8.85%) at Harar city and 24(9.8%) at Haramaya town harbored at least one cyst in the muscles or organs inspected. The collected samples were analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Of the edible anatomical sites with cysticerci, heart 18(5.6%), tongue 4(1.2%), lung 3(0.9%), liver 3(0.9%), masseters muscle 2(0.6%), and Kidney 1(0.1%) of relative prevalence, total cyst count and cyst viability. These edible sites are preferred above others by local people for the preparation and consumption of raw or inadequately cooked meat dishes that are locally served as kurt, kitfo, and dullet. The interviews revealed that among the 100 study participants, Harar city had the highest awareness about T. saginata 46 (92%) than Haramaya town 40 (80%), eating habit of raw meat or under cooked meat had highest in Haramaya town 48 (96%) than Harar city 41 (82%), and infection with proglottids of T. saginata was higher in Haramaya town than Harar. From infested respondent, more than 85% observed T. saginata proglottids in their stool, and the rest observed proglottids on their underwear. This indicated that existing meat inspection processes were inadequate to prevent carcasses infected with T. saginata cysticerci from reaching consumers. The three-year retrospective data indicated that out of the examined stool of 9940 and 13,353 people, 18 and 61 had T. saginata from Haramaya and Haramaya University Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, respectively. Both the active abattoir and the questionnaire survey concluded that bovine cysticercosis caused by C. bovis/T. saginata is a major disease in livestock and humans. The promotion of policies to upgrade existing meat inspection procedures and public education to ensure effective prevention.of T. saginata taeniosis in humans was recommended. Keyword: Bovine cysticercosis, Cyst viability, Haramaya, Harar, Organ distribution, Prevalence, Retrospective. 54p. 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/8286 ASSESSMENT OF BEEF HANDLING PRACTICES AND ITS Salmonella CONTAMINATION ALONG THE BEEF SUPPLY LINE IN MAYA CITY, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA Merga Habtamu Hunde; Prof. Adem Hiko (PhD); Dr. Dinaol Belina (PhD. Candidate); Mr. Jelalu Kemal (MSc. Asst. Prof.) The current cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to September 2024 to assess beef handling practices and its Salmonella contamination along the beef supply line in Maya City. Two hundred and fifty samples, comprising feces, carcass swabs, and environmental swabs, underwent analysis using standard methods to ascertain the prevalence of Salmonella. In addition, a carefully designed survey was conducted among a sample of 100 participants to collect socio-demographic information and to identify possible risk factors linked to Salmonella contamination in beef. Out of 100 respondents, 20 abattoir workers, 30 butchery workers, and 50 beef consumers participated in the study. The prevalence of Salmonella in various sample sources was 16.8% (n=42/250). Among these, feces accounted for 14% (n=12/85), carcass swabs for 5% (n=2/42), retail beef for 33.33% (n=15/45), and environmental swabs for 16.25% (n=13/80). The Salmonella strains that were susceptible to azithromycin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone showed susceptibility rates of 97.6%, 90.5%, 88.1%, and 85.7%, respectively. On the other hand, the strains displayed resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, cephalosporin, and amoxicillin at rates of 92.85%, 85.7%, 83.33%, and 78.57%, respectively, with intermediate susceptibility to chloramphenicol at 80.95%. Out of the 42 Salmonella isolates, 45.23% showed resistance, with 23.8% being resistant to two drug classes and 21.43% resistant to three drug classes, indicating their categorization as multi-drug-resistant. A striking 90% of abattoir workers were unaware of the potential public health risk posed by contaminated carcasses. In addition, all the workers in the slaughterhouses and butcher shops did not receive any job-related training or medical checkups. Approximately 70% of individuals showed a preference for consuming uncooked beef, whereas about 74% were unaware of the potential risk of Salmonella transmission from consuming contaminated beef. In summary, this research revealed that Salmonella contamination in beef primarily occurred within the beef supply chain and at butcher shops. A portion of these Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to the tested antimicrobials. Therefore, considering the aforementioned findings, it is advisable to conduct regular health monitoring for abattoir employees and uphold stringent hygiene protocols in abattoirs associated with the beef manufacturing chain. 92 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z