College of Veterinary Medicine

PREVALENCE, CYST VIABILITY, AND ORGAN DISTRIBUTION OF BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS, AND TAENIA SAGINATA IN HUMANS AT HARAMAYA AND HARAR MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN HARARGHE, ETHIOPIA

Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

PREVALENCE, CYST VIABILITY, AND ORGAN DISTRIBUTION OF BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS, AND TAENIA SAGINATA IN HUMANS AT HARAMAYA AND HARAR MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, EASTERN HARARGHE, ETHIOPIA Dereje Solomon; Dr. Shimelis Mengistu; Dr. Pawlos Wasihun Across-sectional study design was used from March 2023 to August 2024 at Harar and Haramaya to investigate the prevalence, cyst viability, and organ distribution of bovine cysticercosis in beef cattle, and a Retrospective study design was used to estimate the occurrence of Taeniosis in the human population in the study area. Simple random sampling where employed for the collection of data. The study was performed based on abattoir sample collection, Questionnaire survey and Retrospective data. Postmortem inspection of carcasses and organs of slaughtered cattle in Harar and Haramaya Municipal Abattoirs, cyst viability tests, and interviews with randomly selected meat consumers were undertaken. The post-mortem inspection showed that of the 324 cattle slaughtered for human consumption and examined for the presence of cysticerci of T. saginata, 7(8.85%) at Harar city and 24(9.8%) at Haramaya town harbored at least one cyst in the muscles or organs inspected. The collected samples were analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Of the edible anatomical sites with cysticerci, heart 18(5.6%), tongue 4(1.2%), lung 3(0.9%), liver 3(0.9%), masseters muscle 2(0.6%), and Kidney 1(0.1%) of relative prevalence, total cyst count and cyst viability. These edible sites are preferred above others by local people for the preparation and consumption of raw or inadequately cooked meat dishes that are locally served as kurt, kitfo, and dullet. The interviews revealed that among the 100 study participants, Harar city had the highest awareness about T. saginata 46 (92%) than Haramaya town 40 (80%), eating habit of raw meat or under cooked meat had highest in Haramaya town 48 (96%) than Harar city 41 (82%), and infection with proglottids of T. saginata was higher in Haramaya town than Harar. From infested respondent, more than 85% observed T. saginata proglottids in their stool, and the rest observed proglottids on their underwear. This indicated that existing meat inspection processes were inadequate to prevent carcasses infected with T. saginata cysticerci from reaching consumers. The three-year retrospective data indicated that out of the examined stool of 9940 and 13,353 people, 18 and 61 had T. saginata from Haramaya and Haramaya University Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, respectively. Both the active abattoir and the questionnaire survey concluded that bovine cysticercosis caused by C. bovis/T. saginata is a major disease in livestock and humans. The promotion of policies to upgrade existing meat inspection procedures and public education to ensure effective prevention.of T. saginata taeniosis in humans was recommended. Keyword: Bovine cysticercosis, Cyst viability, Haramaya, Harar, Organ distribution, Prevalence, Retrospective. 54p.

MAGNITUDE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG DAIRY CALVES IN HARAR AND DIRE DAWA CITIES AND HARAMAYA DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

MAGNITUDE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG DAIRY CALVES IN HARAR AND DIRE DAWA CITIES AND HARAMAYA DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA MESFIN GABRE; Shihun Shimelis (MSc, Assit. Prof); Biruk Abraha (MSc, Assoc. Prof) Cryptosporidium is a parasitic protozoa that can cause diarrhea in dairy calves, especially in the first month of life. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 2024 to October 2024 G.C. to estimate the magnitude of Cryptosporidium infection and its associated factors among dairy calves in Harar and Dire Dawa cities and Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to estimate the magnitude of Cryptosporidium infections and their associated factors in dairy calves. Feacal sample of calves (n = 360) with age groups ranging from two weeks to 12 months was collected from 30 dairy farms. All samples were processed using the modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining method. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on associated risk factors of infection. The intensity of shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts was semiquantitatively estimated according to the average number of oocysts. The overall magnitude of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves was 13.6% (95% CI, 18.6-79.5). The farm-level magnitude of Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding in calves was 43.3% (95% CI, 25.4-62.5). Multivariate logistic regression showed that calves raised in group pens were 4 times more likely to become infected than those raised in individual pens (P=0.024). Urban farms showed a 3 times higher risk of contracting the infection than farms in Peri-urban areas (P=0.02). Cryptosporidium infection in dairy farm calves 2 weeks-3 months of age was 5 times more likely higher than those >7-12 months (P=0.003). More specifically, the odds of having diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium infection in calves were 7 times greater than in calves with normal fecal consistency (P=0.01). The magnitude of Cryptosporidium infection was high in the dairy farms studied. Therefore, more studies are needed in detail on the magnitude and risk factors that are essential to evaluate the impact of infection on the health and productivity of the calf. 70

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ECTOPARASITES INFESTATION AND EVALUATION OF CURRENT CONTROL PRACTICES IN POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN AND AROUND DIRE DAWA, ETHIOPIA

Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ECTOPARASITES INFESTATION AND EVALUATION OF CURRENT CONTROL PRACTICES IN POULTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN AND AROUND DIRE DAWA, ETHIOPIA Yusuf Ahmed Elmi; Asst. Profe)Shihun Shimelis; Asst. Profes) Sisay Alemu Ectoparasites threaten poultry health and productivity by decreasing egg production, lowering meat yields and transmitting diseases. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites, identify associated risk factors and evaluate current control practices in poultry production systems in Dire Dawa. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to July 2024, using stratified multistage cluster sampling, where 768 chickens were randomly selected from the extensive, semi-intensive and intensive poultry production systems. Data collection involved physical examination of chickens and interviews with poultry owners, farm managers or poultry caretakers. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while logistic regression models were applied to identify associated risk factors. Out of 768 chickens examined, 577 were found affected with ectoparasites. Thus, the overall prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was 75.13% [95% confidence interval (CI): 71.9-78.2] with fleas (35.0%), lice (33.5%), mites (25.5%), and ticks (10.9%). Single infestations were seen on 48.7% of the chickens, while multiple species infestations occurred on 51.3% of chickens. The prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was significantly higher in extensive (85.66%) and semi-intensive (80.27%) than in the intensive system (65.95%). Age and management system were identified as the risk factors using a multivariable logistic regression analysis,. The respective odds of ectoparasite infestation was two fold (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.5–3.7; p<0.001) and four fold (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 2.3–5.3; p<0.001) in the semi-intensive and extensive systems than in the intensive system. Adult chickens were twice as likely to be infested as young chickens (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.4–2.8; p<0.001). In this study, 83.9% (68/81) of the respondents were found aware about infestation of poultry with ectoparasites. All those 68 (100%) conscious respondents implemented control measures that varied significantly, with 58 (85.3%) of them relying on natural remedies, 46 (67.6%) often applied control measures reactively in response to infestations and only 41 (60.3%) monitored their effectiveness. The main challenges identified were lack of knowledge 47 (69.1%) and the high cost of treatments 41 (60.3%). The study concludes that poultry ectoparasites are highly prevalent in Dire Dawa, emphasizing the need for affordable and effective control strategies and educational campaigns on managing poultry ectoparasite infestations. 99p.

MAGNITUDE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG DAIRY CALVES IN HARAR AND DIRE DAWA CITIES AND HARAMAYA DISTRICT, EASTERN ETHIOPIA

Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT