http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/251 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 11:25:01 GMT 2026-04-06T11:25:01Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7880 HAND WASHING PRACTICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN WITH UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN MELKA BELO WOREDA, EAST HARERGHE, ETHIOPIA MOHAMMED ARIF AHMEDDIN; Dr. Tesfaye Gobena (PhD); Dr. Abraham Geremew (PhD). Background: Hand washing is crucial for women with children under five to prevent germs and contaminants from spreading childhood diseases, especially in low- and middle-income countries where hand hygiene is particularly challenging. In previous research, hand washing practice among women of under-five children has not been yet studied in Melka Belo Woreda. Objective: To asses Hand washing practice and associated factors among mothers with under five children in Melka Belo Woreda, Eastern Ethiopia since April 25 to July 25/2023. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study in Melka Belo Woreda involved 422 women with children under five years old. Data was collected through interviews, observation and questionnaires. The study analyzed data using SPSS version 23, descriptive statistics, bivariate, multiple regression, binary, and multinomial logistic regression, focusing on significantly associated factors of hand washing practice, particularly at critical times. Result: The study found that the overall good hand washing practice of mothers with under five children of age was 57.14%. Mothers who knew the importance of hand washing before eating were 76.9%. The odds of mothers who know the importance of hand washing before eating were 0.14 times lower for hand washing practice than those who did not know the importance of hand washing before eating (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI, 0.07–0.29). The odds of a mother with only water was enough for hand washing were 0.36 times lower for the practice of hand washing than for the mother who said that only water is no enough for hand washing (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22–0.58). The odds of mothers with the suggestion that human feces contain germs were 1.95 times higher for the practice of washing hands than mothers with the suggestion that human feces not contain germs (AOR=1.95, 95% CI; 1.03-3.71) and the odds of mothers having water and soap facilities at home were 1.26 times higher for hand washing than for mothers who had not water and soap facilities at home (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI, 0.64– 2.48). These were significant factors associated with the hand-washing practices of mothers with children under the age of five. Conclusion: The overall good hand washing practice of mothers with under-five children of age was found to be low. Factors such as human feces contain germs, the availability of water and soap facilities, important of hand washing before eating and the only water is enough for hand washing practices were significant factors of hand washing practice among mothers of under-five children. Increasing health promotion activities will be done in Melka Belo Woreda 66 Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7880 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7192 EFFECTS OF LAND USE LAND COVER AND CLIMATE CHANGES ON SOIL EROSION IN LAGA ARBA WATERSHED, LOWER AWASH BASIN, ETHIOPIA Taye Waktole Mulatu; Asfaw Kebede (PhD) Soil erosion is one of the major causes of soil degradation problems; which is sensitive in African countries including Ethiopia and Laga Arba watershed. This study was aimed to evaluate how soil erosion in watersheds is impacted by changes in land use land cover, and climate change. More specifically, this study was used to examine how future changes in rainfall will affect soil erosion, as well as to quantify and map the annual soil loss in the study area. GIS 10.4 software, and RUSLE model were used for analysis the rate of soil losses. K-factor of the study area was generated from the MoA. P-factor was generated from DEM and Landsat of the study area; whereas LS-factor was generated from DEM of the study area. The daily observed rainfall data were collected from meteorological stations, and projected bias corrected daily rainfall data were downloaded from MarkSim GCM model website. Then, both daily rainfall data were interpolated in ArcGIS 10.4 environment to output the rain erosivity (K-factor). Landsat TM of 1988 and 1998, Landsat ETM+ of 2008, and Landsat OLI of 2018 were used for the land use land cover classification. Then, LULC maps of the historical periods were delineated, and three land classes were identified for the land use land cover classification map. The four-land use land cover over all accuracy assessments were checked by using ground counter with classified lands. The land use land cover changes and matrices were evaluated for the periods of 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018. The average rainfall erosivity is expected to increases by 13.45%, 14.80%, 14.91% and 21.54% under RCP 4.5(2040), 4.5(2070), 8.5(2040), and 8.5(2070) respectively. The estimated annual rate of soil loss was 19.66 ton-1 ha -1year in 1988, 20.45 ton-1 ha -1year in 1998, 20.85 ton-1 ha -1year in 2008, and 21.48 ton-1 ha -1year in 2018. And, the future average annual soil loss of study in RCP of 4.5 (2040), 4.5 (2070), 8.5 (2040) and 8.5 (2070) will be 22.23, 22.55, 22.57 and 24.14 ton-1 ha -1year respectively. Then, the rate of soil erosion is predicted to increase by 8.33, 9.89, 9.99 and 17.64% under RCP 4.5 (2040), 4.5 (2070), 8.5 (2040) and 8.5 (2070). Generally, land use land cover change increases soil erosion, future rainfall change was increased and soil loss estimated was high in all under impact of historical land use land cover and historical and projected rainfall. 95 Fri, 01 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/7192 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/6780 IDENTFYING THE POTENTIAL CAUSES OF WATERLOGGING IN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN THE CASE OF FINCHA SUGARCANE PLANTATION, ETHIOPIA ABENEZER BANE; Dr. –Ing. Teshome Seyoum Many sugar estates in Ethiopia have threatening of the sustainability due to extremely shallow groundwater level. For this, Fincha’a sugar Estate is the good example that, waterlogging problem is becoming the major problem on sustainability of current sugar cane production yield. Identifying the potential causes for waterlogging in the area is very crucial to make best decision about the field water management system. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential causes of waterlogging at Fincha Sugar cane Plantation using spatiotemporal analysis. The spatial dependence of the groundwater level indicated that the estimated groundwater level modeled with semivariogram models with a nugget effect. In this study, the analysis of annual and seasonal groundwater level trends of the year 2000 to 2014 indicates that most portion of the area has been affected by waterlogging problem and there is steadily rising trend of groundwater level throughout the time. The rising of annual maximum ground water level varies from 15cm to 280 cm above the ground surface whilst the annual minimum ground water level varies from 240 to 410cm below ground surface. The groundwater level increases as compare to belg season due to maximum rainfall contributions to the rise of groundwater level in Kiremt season. The fluctuations of groundwater levels were also different in magnitude from one piezometer to other piezometer due to different factors, like rainfall in the area, soil type, slope, drainage condition and field water management system. Based on this, development of shallow groundwater level in the area, formation of unproductive land and swap area could be common phenomenon of the estate. This could be affecting the soil productivity and the environmental wellbeing of community living in the area. On the other hand, there is increased demands for further expansion of cultivation areas by 85 ha/year on average with intention of replacing unproductive lands which were demoted due to water logging problems. Conversely, the sugar cane production yield decreased by 63 qt/year. As a recommendation, without proper management of the shallow groundwater table in the area, development of new irrigation commands could not be feasible to optimize production yield of the scheme. The surface and subsurface drainage system should be installed for proper field water management system and future improvement of sustainable production. 82 Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/6780 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/6515 ASSESSMENT OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND MODELING OF SUSTAINABLE STORM WATER MANAGEMENT SELADIN ABRAHIM; Asfaw Kebede (Ph.D.) The drainage system is a crucial factor to consider in the development of an urban drainage plan. This study aims to identify the critical problems with a drainage system, evaluate the hydraulic performance of stormwater drainage, and assess alternative measures to mitigate drainage problems. The storm water management model and low impact development control were employed in the study. Storm water management model simulated area of the study subdivided to three outlets of the total area of sub catchment of 48.84ha joined to drainage system infrastructure of 26 nodes with 13 sub catchment. SWMM model was results were checked with the coefficient of determination (R2) =0.88, the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) =0.82, and Relative Error (RE) =13.7%. According to the model results, the total sub catchment peak runoff is 6.3 m3/s. The Low Impact Development (LID) control was used to reduce the peak runoff overflow and choose the best alternative on the project's outlet one, the total was reduced by using the all-sub-catchment Using bio retention, permeable pavement, infiltration trench and rain garden. bio-retention reduced total outfall volume by 14.83 percent, with the infiltration trench reducing total volume to outfall by 36.11percent, permeable pavement reducing total outfall volume by 25.36 percent, and Rain Garden reducing total outfall volume by 48.15 percent. In conclusion, the implementation of Low Impact Development (LID) techniques such as rain garden cells has proven to be an effective method of managing water in urban areas. The significant reduction of outfall volumes by 30.63% in the study area is a clear indication of the success of LID implementation. It is recommended that local governments and urban planners shall work to incorporate the selected LID techniques into their drainage systems to manage water effectively and sustainably. 79 Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://ir.haramaya.edu.et//hru/handle/123456789/6515 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z