Abstract:
Given the limited spectrum bands, mobile operators face challenges in delivering multimedia
applications with higher data rates, low latency, and improved quality of service to a growing
number of users. However, millimeter waves are susceptible to atmospheric conditions,
leading to significant attenuation during adverse weather. Overcoming these challenges
involves designing directive antennas with high gain and stable radiation patterns. This thesis
aims to design, simulate, and compare single-element, and multi-element square-frame T shape mm-wave antennas operating at 28 GHz simulated using (CST), and their performance
is evaluated. The comparison is based on simulated results of gain, efficiency, radiation
pattern, directivity, VSWR, and return loss.
This thesis aims to develop a better performing antenna operating at 28 GHz frequency. The
simulation results show that the proposed antenna has a maximum gain and directivity of
3.15 dBi and 3.53 dBi for the single-element square-frame T-shaped antenna. The proposed
1x4 multi-element antenna achieves 10.5 dBi and 11.2 dBi, while the proposed 1x8 multi element reaches 13.8 dBi and 14 dBi, respectively. The VSWR and return loss values,
respectively, were found to be 1.516 and -13.74 dB for a single-element antenna, 1.513 and
-13.8 dB for a 1x4 multi-element antenna, and 1.516 and -46.90 dB for a 1x8 multi-element
antenna. The radiation efficiency for a single-element antenna is -0.3809, for a 1x4 multi element square-framed T-shaped antenna it is -0.3884, with a compact size of 18.5 x 24
mm2
. And for a 1x8 multi-element square-framed T-shaped antenna is -0.2177 (95.11%) and
the antenna size of 18.5 x 50mm2
.
In this regard, the analysis shows that the proposed multi-element square frame T-shaped
antenna is quite capable of achieving the highest performances and represents an obvious
choice for 5G mobile applications. Moreover, to achieve an optimum design parameter, the
multi-element antenna is also simulated with varying numbers of elements. The effect of
these parameters on antenna performance is analyzed.
