CLINICL PROFILE AND OPERATIVE OUTCOME OF GALLSTONE DISEASE AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ADMITTED TO HIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL AND JEGOL GENERAL HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background. Gallstone disease (condition known as cholelithiasis) constitutes a significant health problem in developed countries. It is estimated that at least 20 million persons in the United States have gall stones and that approximately 1 million new cases of cholelithiasis develop each year. While thought to be uncommon in Africa, cholelithiasis is currently diagnosed significantly more frequently than would be expected from the previous studies. the prevalence of gallstone disease in Ethiopia is 5.2%. There is no study in Eastern part of Ethiopia, so this study will show us the gap that existing in our hospitals. This study assessed the magnitude and post-operative complications of this disease in Harar, Ethiopia. Methodology: - A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed by analyzing patient records from December 2017 to November 2021, at Department of General surgery, Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jegol General Hospital, both in Harar. All the necessary data were collected from the patient’s charts and were collected by using pre-tested semi-structured checklist. Data entry was done using Epi Data version 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS statistical software version 20. Bivariate analysis was used to Identify factors affecting Clinical profile and Operative outcome of Gallstone disease with cut point of 0.25, then factors found to be significant was processed in multivariate analysis to remove confounding factors statistical significance was declared for the p- value<0.05. Result: one hundred and eighty patients were enrolled in the study. Majority (83.8%) of the patients were in between 40-59 years of age. The chief complaint of most of the patients (77.2%) was right upper quadrant pain. Post-operative complications were reported in 13.3% of patients. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, acute cholecystitis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 14.3, 95% CI: 1.4-18.3), chronic cholecystitis (AOR, 32, 95% CI: 9.7 – 59.3), and comorbidity (AOR), 55.2,95% CI:42.1-67.9) were significantly associated with post-operative complications. No mortality was reported. Conclusion: Open surgery remains the dominant procedure used to treat symptomatic cholelithiasis at these two centers. Our findings revealed that open surgery is a safe and effective treatment for this disease in the absence of routine laparoscopic services.